Vaginal bleeding causes

The causes of vaginal bleeding are numerous, and the list can seem daunting. However, not all abnormal vaginal bleeding indicates a serious condition. This is why it is important to see your doctor in order to evaluate the cause of your symptoms and receive proper treatment.

Pregnancy-related factors

Consider possible pregnancy if you experience abnormal vaginal bleeding symptoms. The bleeding can signify a pregnancy or problems with a pregnancy such as miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.

Infections

Vaginal bleeding can be a sign of infection, such as the following.

• Bacterial infections: Infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can infect the reproductive tract and cause irritation and inflammation, especially after sexual intercourse, that can result in abnormal vaginal bleeding and other STD symptoms in women.
• Fungal infections: Fungal infections such as yeast also often affect the vaginal canal and result in inflammation that results in bleeding.

Benign uterine conditions

Although benign, these conditions can result in bleeding.

• Obstruction: Sometimes abnormal vaginal bleeding can be caused by masses in the reproductive organs such as fibroids that are not cancerous.
• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions of the uterus that occur as a result of hormonal imbalances such endometriosis and adenomyosis can result in heavy periods that are not your usual pattern.

Medications and medical devices

Certain contraceptive methods or medications can result in vaginal bleeding.

• Contraceptives methods: Birth control pills can cause vaginal bleeding symptoms if they are not used properly. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is also a known side effect of Intrauterine devices (IUDs).
• Medications: Medications such as blood thinners can cause you to bleed more during your menstrual cycle.

Blood disorders

Blood or clotting disorders can result in vaginal bleeding.

• Functional: Medical conditions such as von Willebrand disease (clotting disorder) that affect the way different components of your blood function can result in vaginal bleeding.
• Synthetic: Your liver and to lesser extent your kidney are organs that are very important in making the components of your blood that regulate bleeding. If there is a malfunction in these organs such as liver disease or kidney disease, you may experience abnormal vaginal bleeding as well.

Cancers

Cancers or precancerous conditions can result in vaginal bleeding.

• Cancer of the reproductive tract: Vaginal bleeding in women who have started menopause may be caused by cancers of any part the reproductive tract such as the ovary, vagina and uterus.
• Endometrial hyperplasia: This is a precancerous condition that can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Endocrine system factors

Hormone imbalances such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) can interfere with your normal menstrual cycle and cause abnormal vaginal bleeding [10].

Trauma

Trauma to the vagina can result in vagina bleeding, such as the following.

• Trauma examples: Blunt trauma, penetrating injury to the vagina/cervix and sexual abuse can all cause vaginal bleeding.
• A retained tampon: It would take multiple days for this to be considered traumatic and lead to vaginal bleeding.

This list does not constitute medical advice and may not accurately represent what you have.

Normal case of spotting

Spotting refers to small amounts of vaginal bleeding that occur between normal menstrual periods – just enough to leave a small spot of blood on a pad or on clothing.

Sometimes spotting has serious a cause, but very often it is triggered by fluctuating hormone levels from simple causes:

• Abnormal thyroid levels.
• PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome.)
• Changing any sort of female hormone therapy, including birth control pills.
• Sexual intercourse.
• Early pregnancy.
• Early menopause.

These changing hormone levels can happen to any woman who has not completed menopause. Those who have, and are not taking hormone therapy, should not be having any spotting at all.

No matter what a woman’s age or situation, if spotting persists a gynecologist should be consulted to rule out any serious causes. The doctor can help manage hormone levels so that they remain at a normal level, not only preventing spotting but adding to a better quality of life for the patient.

Rarity: Common

Top Symptoms: vaginal bleeding or bloody discharge, bloody vaginal discharge, mild unexpected vaginal bleeding, vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge

Symptoms that always occur with normal case of spotting: vaginal bleeding or bloody discharge

Symptoms that never occur with normal case of spotting: severe unexpected vaginal bleeding, vaginal pain, vaginal itch or burning, bleeding after sex, severe abdominal pain

Urgency: Wait and watch

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