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The NYU Langone Fertility Center has a world-renowned in vitro fertilization (IVF) program known for its high pregnancy success rates. IVF is the most efficient way for couples to achieve pregnancy when they are experiencing trouble conceiving.
In order for pregnancy to naturally occur, sperm must travel through the uterus to one of the fallopian tubes, where it fertilizes an egg. The resulting embryo must be of good quality in order for implantation to occur.
While the process sounds simple, there are multiple factors that can stop these steps from happening, such as a low sperm count, a compromised or blocked fallopian tube, a damaged or diseased uterus, or suboptimal egg production or quality. When the sperm and egg are unable to meet on their own, or egg or sperm quality is lower than desired, IVF may be an option.
During IVF, eggs are retrieved from the ovaries—or donor eggs may be used—and fertilized with sperm acquired either from a partner or a donor. The resulting embryo is inserted into the uterus, where it ideally implants and creates a pregnancy.
People having IVF must attend an on-site orientation session conducted by our nursing staff before beginning treatment. Partners are encouraged to attend this session as well. In addition to attending an in-person session, you can also view our orientation program.
While every woman’s cycle is unique, here is a general overview of the IVF process.
Step One: Ovulation Induction
During a typical menstrual cycle, the ovaries release one egg each month. In preparation for IVF, fertility drugs, called gonadotropins, are self-administered daily to stimulate the ovaries to mature numerous eggs in the month of the treatment cycle. If more eggs are matured, more can be harvested and used. Most often, this improves the chances of fertilization and, ultimately, pregnancy.
Step Two: Egg Retrieval (Oocyte Retrieval)
When the eggs, also known as oocytes, are ready to be retrieved from the body, a procedure is performed at the Fertility Center using mild sedation. The doctor—with the aid of ultrasound visualization—guides a needle through the vagina wall and into the ovaries. An anesthesiologist is present for all procedures.
After the eggs are retrieved, they are fertilized with sperm in the embryology laboratory. Success rates vary depending on a person’s age, response to the medication, and the quality of the eggs and embryos produced.
As with all surgical procedures, there are risks associated with egg retrieval that should be discussed with your doctor.
Step Three: Fertilization in the Lab
When the eggs arrive in the embryology lab, our staff analyzes them for maturity and then places the eggs into an incubator that has an environment similar to the one inside the body. In most cases, sperm is combined with the eggs and fertilization occurs naturally. In situations where low sperm count or low sperm motility (movement) is a factor, a single sperm is injected directly into each mature egg in a process called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Once the egg and sperm are combined, it takes approximately 18 hours to determine whether fertilization has occurred and another 2 to 4 days to establish whether the embryo is optimally developing. The embryos most often stay in the laboratory for a total of five days.
In 80 percent of our current patient cycles, preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) of the created embryos is performed at this stage to assess the chromosomal integrity of the created embryos.
Step Four: Embryo Transfer
In preparation for the embryo transfer, the doctor discusses the number of embryos produced as well as the quality of each. Grading is a tool physicians and embryologists use to determine which embryos to transfer and when. One of the Fertility Center’s goals is to limit the number of embryos transferred in order to limit the number of multiple births. In more than 60 percent of the embryo transfers we perform, only a single embryo is placed into the uterus.
Embryo transfer is a simple technique, and anesthesia or sedation is rarely required. A long, thin catheter containing the agreed upon number of embryos, along with a small amount of fluid, is passed through the cervix into the uterus, where the embryo or embryos are released. An abdominal ultrasound is simultaneously performed to ensure optimal placement in the uterus.
Following the embryo transfer, limitation of rigorous physical activity is recommended for several days.
After an Embryo Transfer
After a blastocyst embryo transfer is completed, it takes about nine days before a pregnancy can be detected. During the days after a transfer, the following happens to the embryo:
- Day 1: The blastocyst begins to hatch out of its shell.
- Day 2: The blastocyst continues to hatch out of its shell and begins to attach itself to the uterus.
- Day 3: The blastocyst attaches deeper into the uterine lining, beginning implantation.
- Day 4: Implantation continues.
- Day 5: Implantation is complete. Cells that eventually become the placenta and fetus have begun to develop.
- Day 6: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the hormone that signals a developing pregnancy, starts to enter the blood stream.
- Days 7 and 8: Fetal development continues and hCG continues to be secreted.
- Day 9: Levels of hCG are now high enough in maternal blood to detect a pregnancy using a blood test.
Embryo Freezing or Cryopreservation
Embryos are cryopreserved, or frozen, for multiple reasons. The traditional IVF process often results in more embryos than can be transferred into the uterus in one cycle. If the non-transferred embryos are of acceptable quality, they can be frozen and stored for future use. Embryos are also frozen after preimplantation genetic screening has been performed. In addition, embryo freezing is a way for people to delay childrearing until a more appropriate time in their lives.
Cryopreservation of embryos reduces the need for repeated ovarian stimulation. Instead of IVF, future cycles can be embryo transfers, which are less difficult, both physically and financially.
Complex Types of IVF
At the Fertility Center, we consider IVF to be “complex” if prior attempts have been unsuccessful, if sperm counts or motility are severely low, or if the quality of the resulting embryos has been poor. This last reason may be due to many factors; most commonly it’s related to advanced maternal age, but it may also be due to endocrine disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. When very severe male infertility requires surgical extraction of sperm, this is also considered to be a complex type of IVF.
Contact Us
To schedule an appointment, contact one of our specialists or call the Fertility Center at 212-263-8990.
Top 19 what is an ivf edit by Top Q&A
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): What to Expect
- Author: verywellfamily.com
- Published Date: 09/24/2022
- Review: 4.94 (774 vote)
- Summary: Starting the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process can be an exciting and nerve-wracking experience. Most people pursue IVF only after other …
The In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) 5 Step Process – Piedmont Healthcare
- Author: piedmont.org
- Published Date: 06/20/2022
- Review: 4.59 (594 vote)
- Summary: 5 steps of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process · Step 1: Medication · Step 2: Harvest the eggs · Step 3: Fertilization · Step 4: Embryo culture · Step 5: Embryo …
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
- Author: yalemedicine.org
- Published Date: 08/07/2022
- Review: 4.46 (332 vote)
- Summary: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) · A fertility procedure that involves combining a woman’s eggs and a man’s sperm in a laboratory dish · For women who are having …
What is IVF, and how does it work?
- Author: arcfertility.com
- Published Date: 10/20/2022
- Review: 4.06 (434 vote)
- Summary: In vitro fertilization, or IVF, is an advanced technique for getting pregnant and has become the most commonly performed ultimate infertility treatment in …
- Matching search results: When the eggs, also known as oocytes, are ready to be retrieved from the body, a procedure is performed at the Fertility Center using mild sedation. The doctor—with the aid of ultrasound visualization—guides a needle through the vagina wall and into …
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All you need to know about IVF
- Author: medicalnewstoday.com
- Published Date: 08/08/2022
- Review: 3.97 (326 vote)
- Summary: In vitro fertilization (IVF), is the most common and effective type of assisted reproductive technology to help people become pregnant. IVF can help achieve …
- Matching search results: When the eggs, also known as oocytes, are ready to be retrieved from the body, a procedure is performed at the Fertility Center using mild sedation. The doctor—with the aid of ultrasound visualization—guides a needle through the vagina wall and into …
In vitro fertilization (IVF): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
- Author: medlineplus.gov
- Published Date: 12/20/2021
- Review: 3.69 (315 vote)
- Summary: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the joining of a woman’s egg and a man’s sperm in a laboratory dish. In vitro means outside the body.
- Matching search results: When the eggs, also known as oocytes, are ready to be retrieved from the body, a procedure is performed at the Fertility Center using mild sedation. The doctor—with the aid of ultrasound visualization—guides a needle through the vagina wall and into …
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) | Pregnancy Birth and Baby
- Author: pregnancybirthbaby.org.au
- Published Date: 02/05/2022
- Review: 3.56 (374 vote)
- Summary: IVF or in vitro fertilisation is a series of procedures to assist you with conception. It is when a human egg is fertilised with sperm in a laboratory.
- Matching search results: IVF is a long process that is costly, and a big investment of physical and emotional energy. Some people may find that other options, such as fostering or adopting a child, can help them grow their family. This can be meaningful and rewarding for …
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- Author: resolve.org
- Published Date: 05/12/2022
- Review: 3.35 (242 vote)
- Summary: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) describes a technique where a woman’s eggs and man’s sperm are combined in a special laboratory in order to create an embryo(s).
- Matching search results: IVF is a long process that is costly, and a big investment of physical and emotional energy. Some people may find that other options, such as fostering or adopting a child, can help them grow their family. This can be meaningful and rewarding for …
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) – Indore Infertility Clinic
- Author: indoreinfertilityclinic.com
- Published Date: 07/20/2022
- Review: 3.07 (295 vote)
- Summary: IVF is a process wherein an egg cell is fertilized with a sperm cell outside of the human body. IVF involves everything from fertilization to culturing of …
- Matching search results: For men, the basic fertility test is Semen Analysis or Semen test, often colloquially called Sperm Test. Semen Analysis is done at any IVF center to assess the sperm count or sperm concentration along with sperm motility and sperm morphology. If …
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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): What It Is, Success Rates and Costs
- Author: whattoexpect.com
- Published Date: 01/06/2022
- Review: 2.79 (60 vote)
- Summary: What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)? … During in vitro fertilization, eggs are fertilized by sperm outside of the body in a laboratory. Then …
- Matching search results: For couples unable to conceive, in vitro fertilization can deliver the happiest news of all: The baby of their dreams is finally a reality. And more good news: IVF is a safe and often successful procedure. That said, in vitro fertilization does pose …
IVF Treatment – London Womens Clinic
- Author: londonwomensclinic.com
- Published Date: 02/23/2022
- Review: 2.79 (153 vote)
- Summary: IVF, or in vitro fertilisation, is a procedure in which eggs are fertilised with sperm in a laboratory. It was developed 40 years ago for the treatment of …
- Matching search results: The IVF treatment process begins with a course of hormone therapy to stimulate the development of follicles in the ovary. These eggs are then collected, are then fertilised to create several embryos. After between two to five days in an incubator, …
IVF – NHS
- Author: nhs.uk
- Published Date: 12/08/2021
- Review: 2.61 (103 vote)
- Summary: In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is one of several techniques available to help people with fertility problems have a baby. During IVF, an egg is removed from …
- Matching search results: The IVF treatment process begins with a course of hormone therapy to stimulate the development of follicles in the ovary. These eggs are then collected, are then fertilised to create several embryos. After between two to five days in an incubator, …
In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Procedure, Preparation & Risks – Healthline
- Author: healthline.com
- Published Date: 08/30/2022
- Review: 2.63 (109 vote)
- Summary: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assistive reproductive technology (ART) that involves retrieving eggs from a woman’s ovaries, fertilizing them …
- Matching search results: The IVF treatment process begins with a course of hormone therapy to stimulate the development of follicles in the ovary. These eggs are then collected, are then fertilised to create several embryos. After between two to five days in an incubator, …
A Step-By-Step Look at the IVF Process – Penn Medicine
- Author: pennmedicine.org
- Published Date: 01/02/2022
- Review: 2.58 (133 vote)
- Summary: IVF has been around for decades and you most likely already know the basic idea behind IVF: uniting egg and sperm outside the body in a …
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Blastocyst Stage Embryo – Atlanta Center for Reproductive Medicine
- Author: atlantainfertility.com
- Published Date: 03/12/2022
- Review: 2.45 (91 vote)
- Summary: Atlanta IVF Treatments. During conception, the egg is fertilized by sperm in the fallopian tube and an embryo is formed. Fertilization usually happens in the …
- Matching search results: Though embryos are graded to signify their stage of development, it is important to remember that the grade does not always reflect the true potential of an embryo. Specifically, there are embryos that receive less than ideal grades that frequently …
In vitro fertilization (IVF) – Mayo Clinic
- Author: mayoclinic.org
- Published Date: 08/16/2022
- Review: 2.27 (111 vote)
- Summary: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to help with fertility or prevent genetic problems and assist with the …
- Matching search results: IVF is the most effective form of assisted reproductive technology. The procedure can be done using a couple’s own eggs and sperm. Or IVF may involve eggs, sperm or embryos from a known or anonymous donor. In some cases, a gestational carrier — …
IVF – In Vitro Fertilization
- Author: americanpregnancy.org
- Published Date: 02/14/2022
- Review: 2.24 (127 vote)
- Summary: In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, …
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IVF treatment and process – IVF Australia
- Author: ivf.com.au
- Published Date: 06/16/2022
- Review: 2 (117 vote)
- Summary: IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) is a procedure, used to overcome a range of fertility issues, by which an egg and sperm are joined together outside the body, …
- Matching search results: Egg collection is undertaken in day surgery, usually under ultrasound guidance. Most women prefer a light general anaesthetic, but you can have a local anaesthetic with sedation if you prefer. You will be at the hospital for about 4 hours and will …
In Vitro Fertilization – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf – NIH
- Author: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Published Date: 08/28/2022
- Review: 1.91 (68 vote)
- Summary: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common form of assisted reproductive technology and is used in the management of patients with …
- Matching search results: Egg collection is undertaken in day surgery, usually under ultrasound guidance. Most women prefer a light general anaesthetic, but you can have a local anaesthetic with sedation if you prefer. You will be at the hospital for about 4 hours and will …