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Some activities carry a higher chance of contracting HIV than others.
Table of Contents
Anal sex
The CDC notes that anal intercourse, regardless of a person’s gender identity or sexual orientation, is the riskiest type of sex for HIV transmission.
The chance of contracting HIV via anal sex is as follows:
- receptive anal intercourse: 1.38%
- insertive anal intercourse: 0.11%
Although both can contract HIV via anal sex, the receptive partner has a higher chance. This is because the lining of the rectum is thin and easily injured.
The insertive partner may contract HIV via the urethra or small cuts, scratches, and open sores on the penis.
Having a rectal infection like herpes may also increase the risk of transmission.
Vaginal sex
Either sexual partner can contract HIV via vaginal sex.
HIV can be contracted through the lining of the vagina and cervix if their sexual partner’s bodily fluids, such as semen and pre-seminal fluid, carry HIV.
Limited research is available on the rates of HIV transmission via insertive penile sex in a neovagina.
HIV can also be contracted from the vaginal fluid and blood through the opening of the penis, the foreskin, and small cuts and scratches or open sores.
The chances of contracting HIV via vaginal sex are as follows:
- receptive penile-vaginal intercourse: 0.08%
- insertive penile-vaginal intercourse: 0.04%
Having a vaginal infection may also increase the risk of transmission.
Oral sex
The CDC note that there is little to no risk of contracting HIV via oral sex.
Mouth-to-penis oral sex may carry the highest chance of transmitting HIV, but the chances are still very low.
Factors that may increase the chance of contracting HIV via oral sex include:
- sores on the vagina, mouth, or penis
- bleeding gums
- oral contact with menstrual blood
- the presence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Other sexual activities
Although it is possible to transmit HIV through the following activities, the chance is low:
- Fingering: To lessen the chance of transmission, a person should ensure they have clean hands and trimmed fingernails so as not to damage the wall of the anus or vagina.
- Sex toy use: HIV transmission is possible through sharing sex toys, such as dildos, vibrators, and butt plugs. A person should clean their sex toys between each use and avoid sharing them.
Transmitted during pregnancy
Research has found that the rate of transmission during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and breastfeeding or chestfeeding is 15-45% without any medical intervention.
However, the risk is even lower if the pregnant person takes antiretroviral (ART) drugs during the pregnancy and breastfeeding or chestfeeding.
Transmission through needles
HIV transmission through needles occurs when a person who does not have HIV uses the same needle or syringe as someone who is HIV positive.
Used syringes usually contain residual fluid, such as blood, on the needle or nozzle.
When people who use injectable drugs share needles and syringes, they risk exposing themselves to blood containing infectious microbes.
According to the CDC, the chance of transmission via shared needle use is 0.63%.
People who seek help for substance use can contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) at 1-800-662-4357 or visit their website.
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